Abstract
In this study, design of low‐order feedforward controllers from both reference signal and measurable disturbance for proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers is considered. The feedforward controllers from reference are equivalent to the use of a PID controller with set‐point weighting. The design problem is formulated as a convex optimisation problem and then solved for a batch of process models. The optimal proportional set‐point weights are then used to derive tuning rules that minimise the integrated absolute error. Examples illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method and tuning rules.

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