Into the multi-omics era: Progress of T cells profiling in the context of solid organ transplantation

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Abstract
T cells are the common type of lymphocyte to mediate allograft rejection, remaining long-term allograft survival impeditive. However, the heterogeneity of T cells, in terms of differentiation and activation status, the effector function, and highly diverse T cell receptors (TCRs) have thus precluded us from tracking these T cells and thereby comprehending their fate in recipients due to the limitations of traditional detection approaches. Recently, with the widespread development of single-cell techniques, the identification and characterization of T cells have been performed at single-cell resolution, which has contributed to a deeper comprehension of T cell heterogeneity by relevant detections in a single cell – such as gene expression, DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, surface proteins, and TCR. Although these approaches can provide valuable insights into an individual cell independently, a comprehensive understanding can be obtained when applied joint analysis. Multi-omics techniques have been implemented in characterizing T cells in health and disease, including transplantation. This review focuses on the thesis, challenges, and advances in these technologies and highlights their application to the study of alloreactive T cells to improve the understanding of T cell heterogeneity in solid organ transplantation.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (81901627)
  • Department of Finance of Jilin Province (JLSCZD2019-036, JLSWSRCZX2020-045)
  • Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province (20190201268JC, YDZJ202201ZYTS678)
  • Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission

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