Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation

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Abstract
IDIOPATHIC ORBITAL inflammation, also known as orbital pseudotumor, is defined as a benign, noninfective clinical syndrome characterized by features of nonspecific inflammatory conditions of the orbit without identifiable local or systemic causes. It was first described in 1903 by Gleason1 and by Busse and Hochheim2 and characterized as a specific clinicopathological entity in 1905 by Birch-Hirschfeld, 3,4 who described it as an orbital mass that simulated a neoplasm but was histologically inflammatory. Since the initial description, many classification schemes have been applied to idiopathic orbital inflammation based on the location of the inflammatory process, the histopathological characteristics, and the stage of inflammation.5-10 Idiopathic orbital inflammation is the third most common orbital disease, following Graves orbitopathy and lymphoproliferative diseases.11,12 It accounts for 4.7% to 6.3% of orbital disorders.8,13,14

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