Isolation and Preliminary Characterization of Bacteriophages vY6 and vY28 Infecting Vibrio anguillarum

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Abstract
Multi-drug resistant Vibrio species pose a significant threat to both public health and the global aquaculture industry. Among them, Vibrio anguillarum is one of the major causative agents of vibriosis outbreaks in farmed fish. In this study, two novel bacteriophages (vY6 and vY28) infecting V. anguillarum were isolated from water samples collected at an aquaculture farm in Türkiye and characterized to evaluate their potential as biological control agents. One-step growth curve analysis showed latent periods of 20 min for vY6 and 25 min for vY28 and both phages remained stable across a wide range of pH and temperature conditions. Whole genome sequencing revealed draft genome sizes of 84.553 bp for vY6 and 99.873 bp for vY28, encoding 57 and 55 predicted coding sequences, respectively, with no detectable antimicrobial resistance genes or virulence-associated genes. Genome annotation identified genes involved in structural assembly, DNA packaging, replication, and host cell lysis. Antibacterial activity against V. anguillarum was evaluated by monitoring optical density at 600 nm. Phage treatment significantly suppressed bacterial growth compared to the untreated control. After 24 h, vY6 and vY28 reduced bacterial growth by approximately 61% and 48%, respectively, while the phage combination resulted in approximately 69% inhibition. Viable cell count analysis confirmed strong antibacterial activity, with reductions of up to 5.62 ± 0.71 log during the early stages of infection. These findings provide a basis for further studies exploring phage-based approaches to control vibriosis.

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