The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia has enhanced the convenience and efficiency of digital transactions while simultaneously increasing the risk of fraud, thereby threatening consumer protection and trust in online commerce. This study aims to analyze the legal regulation of e-commerce fraud and eval- uate the effectiveness of consumer protection mechanisms in Indonesia. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches through the analysis of laws and regulations, judicial decisions, legal doctrines, and relevant literature. The findings indicate that e-commerce fraud commonly occurs through fictitious sales, misleading prod- uct information, identity misuse, phishing attacks, and the unauthorized use of personal data. Although Indonesia has established a legal framework through the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law), consumer protection regulations, and digital gover- nance policies, law enforcement continues to face challenges related to digital evidence, cybersecurity risks, cross-border transactions, and limited digital lit- eracy. The study also highlights the importance of platform accountability, digital identity verification, and technology-based fraud prevention mechanisms in strengthening consumer protection. This study concludes that the effective prevention of e-commerce fraud requires not only robust legal enforcement but also stronger digital governance, enhanced institutional coordination, effective cybersecurity measures, and greater public awareness to support a secure and sustainable digital commerce ecosystem in Indonesia.