A Dense Molecular Ringlike Structure in Gaseous CO Depletion Region G34.74−0.12

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Abstract
We report the discovery of a dense molecular ringlike structure in a dense (105 cm−3), cold (parsec-scale CO depletion at a factor of 5), and young (104 yr) star-forming region G34.74−0.12, revealed by C18O (2−1), HNC (1−0), and N2H+ (1−0) observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The ringlike structure is redshifted with respect to the clump, spanning from V sys,lsr + 0.9 to V sys,lsr + 2.9 km s−1, with a total mass of 109 M ⊙. It is spatially coincident with 1.3 and 3.0 mm dust continuum emission from the cores, and several protostellar outflows. However, no free–free emission or H ii region is detected in association with this structure. With a slow expansion speed indicated by the position–velocity diagram, this ring structure differs from rings previously identified in more evolved star-forming regions. Possible explanations for the ring-like structure include a relic windblown bubble produced by a deeply embedded young stellar object, a hollow cavity formed by cloud–cloud interactions, a gas ring resulting from a temperature gradient, or a line-of-sight superposition of multiple outflows or dense clouds. This discovery offers a rare observational glimpse into the earliest dynamical processes involved in massive star formation.
Funding Information
  • MEXT ∣ Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP22H01271)

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