Optimized Cycle and Safety Performance of Lithium–Metal Batteries with the Sustained‐Release Effect of Nano CaCO3

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Abstract
The capacity attenuation and poor safety caused by lithium dendrite and interface side reactions have hindered the application of lithium–metal batteries (LMBs) for a long time. To solve this problem, some liquid or salt additives have been added to the electrolyte to promote the uniform stripping/plating of lithium, however, the consumption of electrolyte during cycles reduces the concentration of active components, resulting in the gradual failure of additives. Herein, a new solid additive (nano CaCO3) working under the principle of sustained release is proposed: the homo‐dispersed nano CaCO3 particles can continuously absorb the decomposition by‐products generated during the side reaction and release Ca2+, which cannot only inhibit the tip deposition of Li+ through electrostatic shielding effect but also effectively promote the formation of stable F‐rich solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI). As the consequence, a notably optimized electrochemical performance for commercial carbonate electrolyte after adding 3 wt.% nano CaCO3 is observed, and the cycle life of symmetric Li||Li cells is extended from −2. In addition, the modified emulsion‐like electrolyte has lower volatility and its protective effect on the separator is confirmed by ex situ optical observation, reflecting the safety improvement of LMBs.
Funding Information
  • Youth Innovation Promotion Association (Y201768)
  • Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
  • University of Science and Technology of China Center for Micro- and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication

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