Shifts in vegetation and avian community structure following the decline of a foundational forest species, the eastern hemlock
Authors:
- 1 August 2018
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Ornithological Applications
- Vol. 120 (3) , 489-506
Abstract
Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is undergoing widespread decline throughout the eastern United States due to the introduction of the nonnative hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). In light of hemlock's unique significance for avian communities, we examined the long-term response of the breeding bird community to the decline and die-off of this foundational forest species. We conducted variable-radius point counts to survey bird communities in both hemlock and hardwood stands in 2000, during the early stages of adelgid infestation, and again in 2015 and 2016, following significant hemlock decline. We also measured the severity of hemlock decline and associated vegetation variables in the same hemlock stands in which avian surveys were completed. We used multispecies occupancy models to examine species-specific and species group responses to hemlock decline. Results showed that, across hemlock stands, hemlock basal area declined from a mean of 56% of the total basal area to 46%, and that hem... RESUMEN La cicuta oriental (Tsuga canadensis) está experimentando una disminución extendida a través del este de los Estados Unidos, debido a la introducción de la cicuta no nativa Adelges tsugae. A la luz de la importancia única de la cicuta para las comunidades de aves, examinamos la respuesta de largo plazo de la comunidad de aves reproductivas a la disminución y la muerte de esta especie forestal fundamental. Realizamos conteos en puntos de radio variable para censar las comunidades de aves en rodales de cicuta oriental y de madera dura en 2000, durante los estadios tempranos de la infestación de A. tsugae, y de nuevo en 2015 y 2016, luego de una disminución significativa de T. canadensis. También medimos la severidad de la disminución de T. canadensis y las variables asociadas de la vegetación en los mismos rodales de T. canadensis donde se realizaron los conteos de aves. Usamos modelos de ocupación de múltiples especies para examinar las respuestas específicas de especies y de grupos de especies a l...Keywords
This publication has 20 references indexed in Scilit:
- Impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness: a hierarchical approach to community modellingJournal of Applied Ecology, 2009
- Vegetation dynamics in declining eastern hemlock stands: 9 years of forest response to hemlock woolly adelgid infestationCanadian Journal of Forest Research, 2006
- Plant pathogens drive density‐dependent seedling mortality in a tropical treeEcology Letters, 2006
- Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenizationTrends in Ecology & Evolution, 2004
- Landscape patterns of hemlock decline in New England due to the introduced hemlock woolly adelgidJournal of Biogeography, 2002
- Avian response to removal of a forest dominant: consequences of hemlock woolly adelgid infestationsJournal of Biogeography, 2002
- Hemlock woolly adelgid impacts on community structure and N cycling rates in eastern hemlock forestsCanadian Journal of Forest Research, 1999
- Response of Avian Communities to Disturbance by an Exotic Insect in Spruce-Fir Forests of the Southern AppalachiansConservation Biology, 1998
- Forest Response to the Introduced Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Southern New England, USAThe Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 1998
- An Ordination of the Upland Forest Communities of Southern WisconsinEcological Monographs, 1957