Random matrices: Universality of local spectral statistics of non-Hermitian matrices

It is a classical result of Ginibre that the normalized bulk $k$-point correlation functions of a complex $n \times n$ gaussian matrix with independent entries of mean zero and unit variance are asymptotically given by the determinantal point process on $\C$ with kernel $K_\infty(z,w) := \frac{1}{\pi} e^{-|z|^2/2 - |w|^2/2 + z \bar{w}}$ in the limit $n \to \infty$. In this paper we show that this asymptotic law is universal among all random $n \times n$ matrices $M_n$ whose entries are jointly independent, exponentially decaying, have independent real and imaginary parts, and whose moments match that of the complex gaussian ensemble to fourth order. Analogous results at the edge of the spectrum are also obtained. As an application, we extend a central limit theorem for the number of eigenvalues of complex gaussian matrices in a small disk, to these more general ensembles. Our method also extends to the case of matrices which match the real gaussian ensemble instead of the complex one. As an application, we show that a real $n \times n$ matrix whose entries are jointly independent, exponentially decaying, and whose moments match the real gaussian ensemble to fourth order has $\sqrt{\frac{2n}{\pi}} + o(\sqrt{n})$ real eigenvalues asymptotically almost surely.