Comparative Metabolomics Study of Four Kinds of Xihu Longjing Tea Based on Machine Fixing and Manual Fixing Methods

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Abstract
China Xihu Longjing tea is famous for its good flavor and quality. However, information on its related metabolites, except for flavonoids, is largely deficient. Different processing methods for China Xihu Longjing tea fixing—by machines at both the first and second step (A1), first step by machine and second step by hand (A2), first step by hand and second step by machine (A3), and by hand at both the first and second step (A4)—were compared using a UHPLC–QE–MS-based metabolomics approach. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolic profiles of the processed samples. A total of 490 metabolites (3 alkaloids, 3 anthracenes, 15 benzene and substituted derivatives, 2 benzopyrans, 13 coumarins and derivatives, 128 flavonoids, 4 furanoid lignans, 16 glycosides and derivatives, 5 indoles and derivatives, 18 isocoumarins and derivatives, 4 chalcones and dihydrochalcones, 4 naphthopyrans, 3 nucleosides, 78 organic acids and derivatives, 55 organooxygen compounds, 5 phenols, 109 prenol lipids, 3 saccharolipids, 3 steroids and steroid derivatives, and 17 tannins) were identified. The different metabolic profiles were distinguished using PCA and OPLS-DA. There were differences in the types and contents of the metabolites, especially flavonoids, furanoid lignans, glycosides and derivatives, organic acids and derivatives, and organooxygen compounds. There was a positive correlation between flavonoid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. However, there was a negative correlation between flavonoid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which had the same trend as prenol lipid metabolism and tannins. This study provides new valuable information regarding differences in the metabolite profile of China Xihu Longjing tea processed based on machine fixing and on manual fixing methods.
Funding Information
  • China Hangzhou Agricultural and Social Development Scientific Research Key Project (202203A06, 2021HN58-1, CARS19, 20231127, 2021C02067-5, 2022HNCT-04, 2021YFD1601105, 2021–2025)
  • Key Techniques and Innovative Applications of the Inheritance and Protection of Xihu Longjing Tea (202203A06, 2021HN58-1, CARS19, 20231127, 2021C02067-5, 2022HNCT-04, 2021YFD1601105, 2021–2025)
  • National Tea Industry Technology System (202203A06, 2021HN58-1, CARS19, 20231127, 2021C02067-5, 2022HNCT-04, 2021YFD1601105, 2021–2025)
  • Hangzhou Science and Technology Commissioner Project (202203A06, 2021HN58-1, CARS19, 20231127, 2021C02067-5, 2022HNCT-04, 2021YFD1601105, 2021–2025)
  • Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding—Tea Plant (202203A06, 2021HN58-1, CARS19, 20231127, 2021C02067-5, 2022HNCT-04, 2021YFD1601105, 2021–2025)
  • Science and Technology Innovation and Demonstration and Promotion Fund of Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences (202203A06, 2021HN58-1, CARS19, 20231127, 2021C02067-5, 2022HNCT-04, 2021YFD1601105, 2021–2025)
  • China National Key Research and Development Program (202203A06, 2021HN58-1, CARS19, 20231127, 2021C02067-5, 2022HNCT-04, 2021YFD1601105, 2021–2025)
  • Innovation Project for the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (202203A06, 2021HN58-1, CARS19, 20231127, 2021C02067-5, 2022HNCT-04, 2021YFD1601105, 2021–2025)

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