Value Chain Analysis of Mazie: A Case Study of Smallholder Farmers in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

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Abstract
Maize, the third-largest cereal crop in Pakistan after wheat and rice, exhibits a noteworthy upward trajectory in both yield and production, distinguishing itself from other major crops. Its significance stems from the global demand for value-added maize products. Despite progress, barriers persist in the maize value chain, particularly in Punjab's conventional marketing system. This study focuses on Southern Punjab, investigating the maize value chain dynamics, with an emphasis on smallholder farmers. Through qualitative data from focused group discussions and quantitative data from a detailed survey, the study examines farmers' participation in value chains, revealing a prevalent preference for commission agents in grain markets. Analysis of gross margins and benefit-cost ratios (BCR) based on farm size and value chain participation shows higher BCR values for large farmers, followed by small and medium farmers. Notably, engagement with modern supply chain actors yields superior BCR values compared to traditional actors. This research identifies critical production and marketing constraints impeding efficient maize value chain management. Addressing these constraints is vital for optimizing the value chain and ensuring sustainable maize production growth in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

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