Genomes of Poaceae relatives reveal key metabolic innovations preceding the evolution of grasses

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Abstract
The grass family (Poaceae) has immense economic and ecological importance and exhibits distinctive metabolic traits, including dual starch and lignin biosynthetic pathways. We sequenced the genomes of Pharus , Joinvillea , Ecdeiocolea , and Typha species to investigate when and how these metabolic innovations evolved relative to the origin of the grass family. The rho whole-genome duplication (ρWGD) within the lineage that led to the last common ancestor of all grasses contributed to the gene family expansions underlying cytosolic starch biosynthesis, whereas an earlier tandem duplication of phenylalanine ammonia lyase ( PAL ) gave rise to phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia lyase ( PTAL ), which is responsible for the dual lignin biosynthesis. Integrated biochemical, functional, and structural studies, guided by phylogenomic analyses, further revealed the molecular basis of key metabolic innovations predating the evolution of grasses.
Funding Information
  • National Science Foundation (IOS-1836824)
  • National Science Foundation (OIA-1920858)
  • National Science Foundation (DEB-2001190)
  • U.S. Department of Energy (10.46936/10.25585/60001405)
  • U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
  • U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-06CH11357)
  • U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0012704)
  • U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11321)
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture (NIFA-2024-67013-42518)
  • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (W9126G-23-2-0018)
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/M011216/1)
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/J/000PR9795)
  • UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Institute Strategic Programme (BB/P012574/1)
  • UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Institute Strategic Programme (BBS/E/J/000PR9795)
  • US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS (5062-21220-025-000D)
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture (5062-21220-025-000D)
  • The Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
  • .S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (10.46936/10.25585/60001405)
  • UK Research and Innovation, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/M011216/1)
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/P012574/1)
  • National Science Foundation (IOS-1836824)

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