Tribological behavior of CuAl7 bronze surface-alloyed with Al-Ni powders by wire-feed electron-beam additive manufacturing

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Abstract
CuAl7 aluminum bronze walls were fabricated by wire-feed electron-beam additive manufacturing. Al:Ni powder mixtures with ratios of 1:2 and 2:1 were deposited onto the walls and remelted twice to improve chemical homogeneity. The as-built surface layers of the sample remelted with the 1:2 powder mixture (12as) consisted of an α-Cu solid solution, grain-boundary β΄-Cu3Al, and AlNi particles. Addition of the 2:1 Al:Ni powder mixture (21as) resulted in the formation of martensitic β΄-Cu3Al structures with elongated α-Cu grains. Annealing at 900 °C followed by water quenching resulted in coarsening of Al-Ni particles in the 12an samples and β΄ → β΄1 transformation in the 21an sample. Tribological testing demonstrated reduced wear and friction for sample 21an, which can be explained by the pseudoelastic behavior of β΄1 martensite during sliding against steel counterparts.

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