Detection of benzalkonium chloride resistance in community environmental isolates of staphylococci
Authors:
Open Access
- 28 February 2014
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Microbiology Society in Journal of Medical Microbiology
- Vol. 63 (5) , 735-741
Abstract
We isolated a total of 653 strains from 64 community environmental samples in Massachusetts, USA. Among these isolates, 9.65 % (63 strains) were benzalkonium chloride (BC)-resistant staphylococci. All BC-resistant strains were collected from surfaces upon which antibacterial wipes or antibacterial sprays containing 0.02–0.12 % BC had frequently been used in the fitness centres. However, isolates from surfaces upon which antibacterial wipes or antibacterial sprays had not been used were all sensitive to BC. All BC-resistant strains were also resistant to erythromycin, penicillin and ampicillin. In addition, 51 strains showed resistance to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), 15 strains showed resistance to chloramphenicol, 12 strains showed resistance to ciprofloxacin and four strains showed resistance to meticillin. Resistance gene analysis demonstrated that 41 strains containedqacA/B, 30 strains hadqacC, 25 strains containedqacG, 16 strains hadqacHand eight strains containedqacJ. These data indicate that application of BC is associated with environmental staphylococcal antimicrobial resistance.Keywords
This publication has 30 references indexed in Scilit:
- Efflux mediated adaptive and cross resistance to ciprofloxacin and benzalkonium chloride in Pseudomonas aeruginosa of dairy originJournal of Basic Microbiology, 2011
- Mise au point d’une technique de PCR en temps réel pour la détection rapide des gènes qnr chez des entérobactéries productrices de bêta-lactamases à spectre étenduPathologie Biologie, 2010
- Simple, Rapid, and Inexpensive Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Resistance Mechanisms Using Heat-Denatured Isolates and SYBR Green-Based Real-Time PCRAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2009
- Sensitivities to biocides and distribution of biocide resistance genes in quaternary ammonium compound tolerant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in a teaching hospitalScandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009
- First report of qacG, qacH and qacJ genes in Staphylococcus haemolyticus human clinical isolatesJournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2008
- Identification of suitable internal controls to study expression of a Staphylococcus aureus multidrug resistance system by quantitative real-time PCRJournal of Microbiological Methods, 2007
- Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosomemecin MRSA, TaiwanEmerging Infectious Diseases, 2007
- Quantitative real-time PCR for detection and identification of Candidatus Liberibacter species associated with citrus huanglongbingJournal of Microbiological Methods, 2006
- An H + -Coupled Multidrug Efflux Pump, PmpM, a Member of the MATE Family of Transporters, from Pseudomonas aeruginosaJournal of Bacteriology, 2004
- Analysis of Genomic Diversity and Evolution of the Low-Level Antiseptic Resistance Gene smr in Staphylococcus aureusMicrobial Drug Resistance, 2003