Principles of effective team building interventions in sport: A direct services approach at Penn State University

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Abstract
Team building is an ongoing, multifaceted process where group members learn how to work together for a common goal, and share pertinent information regarding the quality of team functioning for the purpose of establishing more effective ways of operating. This article describes a “hands on” approach to conducting team building interventions in sport. Drawing on reserurh from organizational development and group dynamic theory in sport, as well as information derived from interviews with coaches and athletes, key principles associated with successful team building interventions are presented and discussed. Core components to consider in building a successful team include having a shared vision and unity of purpose, collaborative and synergistic teamwork, individual and mutual accountability, an identity as a team, a positive team culture and cohesive group atmosphere. open and honest communication processes, peer helping and social support, and trust at all levels. Recommendations for conducting effective team building interventions are offered, along with miscellaneous team building activities, and suggestions for coaches that can impact the team building process.

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