Magnetic Field–Driven Carrier Transport in a Stenosed Bifurcating Artery

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Abstract
Magnetic drug targeting in stenosed arteries is affected by the local magnetic field distribution and the unsteady nature of blood flow. In this work, a two-dimensional finite element model was developed for a bifurcating artery with a 40% stenosis to examine the transport of 100 nm paramagnetic Fe2O3 carriers under pulsatile flow. The model couples the blood flow field, an externally applied magnetic field, and convection-diffusion transport with magnetophoretic migration. Pulsation frequencies of 1 and 2 Hz and magnetic fields of 0-0.50 T were considered. At 0.50 T, the maximum value of (B·∇)B in the target region was approximately 0.62×103T2/m. The carrier concentration at the stenosis increased from 0.63 to approximately 0.89 mol/m3 after 10 s at 1 Hz, whereas a final concentration of only about 0.65 mol/m3 was obtained at 2 Hz. The corresponding concentration enhancements were approximately 41% and 3%, respectively. Increasing the magnetic field also increased carrier accumulation: the concentration remained close to 0.63 mol/m3 at 0 T and reached approximately 0.695 and 0.89 mol/m3 at 0.25 and 0.50 T, respectively. The results indicate that magnetic carrier localization in a stenosed bifurcation is controlled by the competition between flow-induced convection and magnetophoretic migration, with stronger accumulation obtained at lower pulsation frequency and higher magnetic field strength.

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