Ultrasmall MoC-MoO2 Heterojunction Coupled with Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene for Boosting the Deep Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel Oils

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Abstract
In this study, a MoC-MoO2@NCrGO-900 composite catalyst comprising two-dimensional nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NCrGO) and ultrasmall molybdenum carbide-molybdenum dioxide (MoC-MoO2) heterojunctions was synthesized. The optimized catalyst exhibited an outstanding oxidative desulfurization (ODS) performance. Specifically, a model oil containing 4000 ppm sulfur was completely desulfurized within 30 min, with a desulfurization efficiency of 98.1% being recorded after six consecutive cycles. Moreover, the catalyst demonstrated a broad applicability over a wide range of sulfur concentrations (1000-5000 ppm). The excellent catalytic activity of MoC-MoO2@NCrGO-900 was attributed to synergy within the MoC-MoO2 heterojunction structure, the strong electron-donating properties of the NCrGO support, and the uniformly dispersed Mo active sites. Mechanistic studies using radical scavenging experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) play a dominant role in the oxidation process, with electron transfer between the support and the active centers further enhancing the catalytic efficiency. Overall, this study provides a general and scalable in situ encapsulation strategy for constructing carbon-supported heterojunctions that offer promising prospects for use in practical ODS applications.
Funding Information
  • University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province (2024AH051327, 2024AH051334)
  • Chaohu University (KYQD-202216, KYQD-2023004, KYQD-2023077)
  • Horizontal Research Project of Chaohu University (hxkt20230129, hxkt20240059, hxkt20240089, hxkt20240282, hxkt20250054)
  • Anhui Postdoctoral Scientific Research Program Foundation (126)
  • The Open Project of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Critical Friction Pair for Advanced Equipment (LCFP-2511)
  • Anhui Province Innovation and Entrepreneurship of College Students (S202510380035, S202510380036, S202510380037)
  • Postdoctoral Workstation of Anhui Axxiva New Energy Technology Co., Ltd
  • Discipline Construction Quality Improvement Project of Chaohu University (XLZ202306, XLZ202405)

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