Scintillation and Timing Performance of a 3at% Yttrium-Doped Barium Fluoride Crystal

Authors:
  • ZHZeyu Huang
    Zeyu Huang
  • JZJing Zhang
    Jing Zhang
  • SZShiming Zou
    Shiming Zou
  • MYMingkuan Yuan
    Mingkuan Yuan
  • JXJiawei Xu
    Jiawei Xu
  • XWXiyang Wang
    Xiyang Wang
  • SXShiqing Xie
    Shiqing Xie
  • JCJinhui Chen
    Jinhui Chen
  • JCJunfeng Chen
    Junfeng Chen
  • XWXiaolong Wang
    Xiaolong Wang
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Abstract
We report the scintillation and timing performance of a new developed 200 * 20 mm * 20 mm large size barium fluoride crystal doped with 3at% yttrium (BaF2:Y) to enhance the application for high time resolution. This doping effectively suppresses the slow scintillation component while maintaining most of the fast component, as confirmed by X-ray excited luminescence measurements. The BaF2:Y crystal demonstrated a transmittance of near 90% in the visible spectrum and a light response uniformity parameter of delta = (-2.74 +- 1.15)% when coupled with the tail end. The actual yttrium content varied from 2.1at% near the seed end to 3.7at% at the tail end. The assembled large BaF2:Y detector with silicon photomultipliers exhibited a time resolution of (82.2 +- 2.6) ps using constant fraction discrimination method in a cosmic ray test and (140.1 +- 3.8) ps using a low fixed threshold method in a beam test at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility with an 1.35 GeV electron beam. These results indicate the significant potential of BaF2:Y crystal for various applications, such as detectors for particle physics and nuclear physics.