Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis and limitations of existing treatment regimens have underscored the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. This chapter explores recent advancements in TB treatment, focusing on novel and repurposed drugs such as bedaquiline, delamanid, and pretomanid, along with the development of shorter, all-oral regimens. It reviews key clinical trials that have shaped current treatment guidelines and examines innovative drug delivery systems, including nanotechnology and inhaled therapies. The role of host-directed therapies, and supportive diagnostic innovations are also discussed. Challenges such as drug resistance and equitable access to new treatments are critically analysed. By highlighting ongoing research and global initiatives, the chapter emphasizes the potential of a multifaceted approach to transform TB care and contribute to global TB elimination efforts.

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