A Gain-Equalizing Metamaterial-Assisted Pillbox Window Based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Effect for D-Band Folded-Waveguide Traveling-Wave Tube

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Abstract
This article presents a gain-equalizing metamaterial pillbox window based on electromagnetically induced transparency effect (EITMPW). The electromagnetic (EM) characteristics and performance of a D -band folded waveguide slow wave structure (FWG SWS) traveling-wave tube (TWT) are analyzed to determine the input and corresponding loss characteristics for achieving equalized output power in band. The matching loss of the proposed EITMPW is designed to fit with the target loss, and the tested results of a W -band EITMPW basically agree with the simulated ones. In addition, the interaction model with EITMPW has lower gain fluctuation, below 0.31 dB, in the frequency range of 145–155 GHz, compared with the gain fluctuation of a TWT with the conventional pillbox window. Moreover, it improves the gain fluctuation of the FWG SWS TWT by integrating the gain equalizer into the pillbox window, which may have further applications in the compact microwave power module (MPM).
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (61871110)
  • Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJCX22_0049)

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