Techno-economic Impact of Incineration-Based Waste to Energy Generation Technology in Bangladesh: A Short Review and A Case Study

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Abstract
This study evaluates the feasibility of a municipal solid waste incineration-based power generation system in Dhaka, Bangladesh, addressing critical issues of waste management and energy deficits driven by rapid urbanization. A 10 MW waste-to-energy facility operating at 22.5% efficiency was analyzed using key economic metrics, including Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), and Levelized Cost of Waste (LCOW). The analysis reveals an NPV of $4.99 million, an IRR exceeding 10%, and a payback period of 11.06 years, indicating economic viability. Additionally, the plant is projected to reduce annual CO2 emissions by 0.045 million tons, contributing to environmental sustainability. The findings demonstrate that waste-to-energy technology offers a viable solution for mitigating urban waste challenges while enhancing energy security, providing a sustainable pathway for Dhaka’s development and a model for similar urban context.

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