Textura del suelo en sistemas productivos de cacao y ganadería en el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia

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Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the texture of soils on farms with agricultural production systems in the subregions of the department of Antioquia, Colombia. In total, 1729 soil samples were taken in the nine subregions of the department, of which 415, 622, 376 and 316 belonged to cocoa, beef livestock, specialized dairy and dual-purpose livestock production systems, respectively. The variables of interest were the percentages of sand, silt, and clay, from which the textures of the soils were determined. The statistical analysis included generalized additive models with effects such as geographical position, altitude, tropical level, type of production system, municipality and region. The best models were selected based on the highest coefficient of determination and the highest deviance value. In the soils, the textural classes clay (Ar), loam (F), clay loam (F-Ar), sandy clay loam (F-Ar-A), sandy loam (F-A) and sandy clay (Ar-A) were found. In the low tropics, soils with fine and moderately fine textures (F-Ar-A, F-Ar and Ar) predominated. In the middle tropics there was a greater distribution of textural classes, with fine to medium textures predominating and coarse textures predominating (F-Ar-A, F-Ar, Ar, F, F-A and Ar-A); and in the high tropics the presence of soils with medium and moderately coarse textures (F-A and F) was found.