Subtype differentiation of small renal cell carcinomas on three-phase MDCT: usefulness of the measurement of degree and heterogeneity of enhancement

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Abstract
Background Subtype differentiation of small renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) can provide more information to surgeons and patients and get more useful information about imaging features of small renal tumors. Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of the measurement of degree and heterogeneity of enhancement in subtype differentiation of small renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) by three-phase multidetector-row CT (MDCT). Material and Methods We reviewed 149 pathologically confirmed small (Results The clear cell type showed the highest enhancement and heterogeneity of enhancement followed by chromophobe and papillary types. There was a significant difference in enhancement between the clear cell and papillary types in the corticomedullary phase (P < 0.01), and between clear and non-clear cell types in the nephrographic phase (P < 0.05). Heterogeneity of enhancement showed a significant difference between clear cell and non-clear cell types in the corticomedullary phase (P < 0.05). Conclusion The measurement of degree and heterogeneity of enhancement on contrast-enhanced MDCT may be a simple and useful method to differentiate between the different types of small RCCs.

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