Analysis of the interaction between transcription factor 7-like 2 genetic variants with nopal and wholegrain fibre intake: effects on anthropometric and metabolic characteristics in type 2 diabetes patients

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Abstract
The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) genetic variants have shown differential effect on low-fat and high-fat diet in obese subjects. Nopal is a Mexican variety of cactus that is a traditional food and has been used in the treatment of diabetes. Its hypoglycaemic effect may be because of its soluble fibre (mucopolysaccharide) content. This study analysed the effects of thers7903146andrs12255372TCF7L2variants on anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who consumed fibre from either nopal tortilla or wholegrain bread for 8 weeks. We followed-up seventy-four patients who consumed an individualised isoenergetic diet that included nopal tortilla (Diet 1) and sixty-three patients with a diet that included wholegrain bread (Diet 2). Anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal measures were collected at baseline and final intervention. The size effect and carry-over effect were estimated. To assess the interaction of genotype and diets, we used a general linear model repeated-measures analysis. Minor allele frequency ofrs7903146Twas 0·27 and forrs12255372Tit was 0·13. At 8 weeks after Diet 1 intake, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference decreased (P=0·00015) inrs7903146CCandrs12255372GGgenotypes. In particular, patients carrying of thers7903146CCand consuming Diet 1 showed a reduction in waist circumference of more than 2·5 cm compared with Diet 2 (Prs7903146orrs12255372and diet was seen in this study. In conclusion, in the carriers of thers7903146CCandrs12255372GGwild types, significant changes in all anthropometric measures were observed, and had better response to both diets.

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