Role of caprin‑1 in carcinogenesis (Review)

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Abstract
RNA‑binding proteins serve an essential role in post‑transcriptional gene regulation. Cytoplasmic activation/proliferation‑associated protein-1 (caprin‑1) is an RNA‑binding protein that participates in the regulation of cell cycle control‑associated genes. Caprin‑1 acts alone or in combination with other RNA‑binding proteins, such as RasGAP SH3‑domain‑binding protein 1 and fragile X mental retardation protein. In the tumorigenesis process, caprin‑1 primarily functions by activating cell proliferation and upregulating the expression of immune checkpoint proteins. Through the formation of stress granules, caprin‑1 is also involved in the process by which tumor cells adapt to adverse conditions, which contributes to radiation and chemotherapy resistance. Given its role in various clinical malignancies, caprin‑1 holds the potential to be used as a biomarker and a target for the development of novel therapeutics. The present review describes this newly identified putative oncogenic protein and its possible impact on tumorigenesis.

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