Finite-size fluctuations and stochastic resonance in globally coupled bistable systems

The dynamics of a system formed by a finite number $N$ of globally coupled bistable oscillators and driven by external forces is studied focusing on a global variable defined as the arithmetic mean of each oscillator variable. Several models based on truncation schemes of a hierarchy of stochastic equations for a set of fluctuating cumulant variables are presented. This hierarchy is derived using Itô stochastic calculus, and the noise terms in it are treated using an asymptotic approximation valid for large $N$. In addition, a simplified one-variable model based on an effective potential is also considered. These models are tested in the framework of the phenomenon of stochastic resonance. In turn, they are used to explain in simple terms the very large gains recently observed in these finite systems.