Ceramic Integration Technologies for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells are the most promising power conversion units for fossil and biomass fuels combining ceramic and metallic components. Because of long‐term high temperature operation and thermal cycling the standard materials cannot be applied for integration of active ceramic components. Different approaches are used nowadays for the integration of ceramic cells into stacks and of system components in the power plant. In this paper an overview on the application of glass and glass ceramic sealants, active and reactive air brazes as well as compressive mica sealants for solid oxide fuel cells is made. The crystallizing glasses are more favorable for cell integration in the stack for operation in a broad temperature range. Metallic brazes are mainly limited to integration of anode or metal supported cells in ferritic alloy gaskets for operation at T < 750°C and mica is a most suitable solution for system component integration in hot regions of power plants as well as for gas tight electrical isolation. In addition, this study regards aspects of degradation processes of glass ceramic and metallic sealants which allow estimations for the long‐term behavior of joints.

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