Design of a Hybrid In-Vehicle Network Architecture Combining Zonal and Domain Architectures for Future Vehicles

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Abstract
There has been an increase in the number of electronic control units (ECUs) installed in vehicles with the increasing demand for emerging vehicular technologies such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X). This causes issues in increasing the length and weight of wiring harnesses and the complexity of the network. To resolve these issues, domain-based in-vehicle network (IVN) architecture (DIA) is being adopted in vehicles. However, the DIA is unable to fully resolve the issues. As a solution, research on zonal-based IVN architecture (ZIA) has been widely conducted along with Ethernet-based time-sensitive networking (TSN) concurrently. However, there are several technical challenges in transitioning from DIA to ZIA. Such a transition requires a completely new system design. This drastic technological change may impose a burden so it may be difficult for companies to accommodate. To alleviate these burdens, we proposed a hybrid IVN architecture (HIA) with TSN, combining zonal and domain architectures. To validate the performance of the proposed HIA, we implemented DIA and HIA simulators using the OMNeT++ network simulator and compared E2E delays and the total length of the wiring harnesses. The results revealed that HIA reduced 20.4% of the shorter end-to-end (E2E) delay and reduced 21.2% of the total length of the wiring harness compared to DIA. It was demonstrated that HIA was superior to DIA based on the obtained results.

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