A BIM-Oriented Framework for Integrating IoT-Based Air Quality Monitoring Systems Using the AllBIMclass Classification

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Abstract
This paper presents a BIM-oriented methodological framework for integrating air quality monitoring systems based on IoT sensors into building and infrastructure projects. A set of low-cost environmental sensors capable of measuring PM1, PM2.5, PM10, temperature, and humidity was deployed in a real residential setting to illustrate the proposed approach. To enable semantic integration within BIM workflows, a structured classification system, AllBIMclass, was developed. It provides dedicated hierarchical codes for environmental sensors, defined by monitored parameters, installation location (indoor, outdoor, or mixed), power supply, and data handling mode. The pilot experience demonstrated how sensors can be registered, classified, and linked to BIM models, supporting data visualisation and basic management tasks. AllBIMclass is available in Revit 2026 (version 26.6.4.409, build 20250227_1515, 64-bit) (TXT) and Archicad 28 (version 28.0.0, build 3001, x86–64-bit) (XML) formats and is fully compatible with IFC schemas. Although the framework has not yet been applied to large-scale projects, its components are technically operational and ready for implementation. This research contributes to bridging the gap between environmental monitoring and digital construction workflows, paving the way for integration into digital twins, smart buildings, and sustainable infrastructure systems.

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