Axial T2* mapping in intervertebral discs: a new technique for assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration

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Abstract
Objectives To demonstrate the potential benefits of biochemical axial T2* mapping of intervertebral discs (IVDs) regarding the detection and grading of early stages of degenerative disc disease using 1.5-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a clinical setting. Methods Ninety-three patients suffering from lumbar spine problems were examined using standard MRI protocols including an axial T2* mapping protocol. All discs were classified morphologically and grouped as “healthy” or “abnormal”. Differences between groups were analysed regarding to the specific T2* pattern at different regions of interest (ROIs). Results Healthy intervertebral discs revealed a distinct cross-sectional T2* value profile: T2* values were significantly lower in the annulus fibrosus compared with the nucleus pulposus (P = 0.01). In abnormal IVDs, T2* values were significantly lower, especially towards the centre of the disc representing the expected decreased water content of the nucleus (P = 0.01). In herniated discs, ROIs within the nucleus pulposus and ROIs covering the annulus fibrosus showed decreased T2* values. Conclusions Axial T2* mapping is effective to detect early stages of degenerative disc disease. There is a potential benefit of axial T2* mapping as a diagnostic tool, allowing the quantitative assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Key Points • Axial T2* mapping effective in detecting early degenerative disc disease. • Healthy and abnormal intervertebral discs revealed distinct cross-sectional T2* value profiles. • T2* can be performed at 1.5 T in a clinical setting.

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