Prevalence of β‐lactamase‐producing strains among 149 anaerobic gram‐negative rods isolated from periodontal pockets

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Abstract
In a prospective study, 47 adults presenting a rapidly progressive periodontitis were selected in order to evaluate the prevalence of β‐lactamase‐producing strains among oral anaerobic gram‐negative rods. Predominant anaerobes were identified from two of the deepest periodontal pockets. β‐Lactamase‐positive strains fulfilled to at least two of three criteria: positive nitrocefin test, penicillin Etest minimal inhibitory concentration>1 μg/ml, and disk diffusion synergy between amoxycillin and clavulanic acid>10 mm. At least one β‐lactamase‐producing strain was found in 53.2% of patients and 39.4% of the periodontal pockets investigated. Prominent β‐lactamase‐positive species were Prevotella buccae and Prevotella intermedia (respectively 16 of 38: 42% and 18 of 52: 35% positive strains), followed by Prevotella bivia, Prevotella disiens, Prevotella denticola and Fusobacterium nucleatum (respectively 1 of 6: 17%, 1 of 10: 10%, 1 of 10: 10%, and 1 of 13: 8% positive strains). No β‐lactamase producer could be evidenced in Porphyromonas gingivalis (10 strains tested). All the β‐lactamase‐positive strains with the nitrocefin test had penicillin minimal inhibitory concentrations>1 μg/ml with the Etest, and a strong synergy between amoxicillin and clavulanic acid was always observed.

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