Blockchain and extreme learning machine based spectrum management in cognitive radio networks

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Abstract
In recent times, spectrum sensing and spectrum management become a crucial design issue in cognitive radio networks (CRN). To improve the spectrum utilization in CRN, the secondary users (SUs) will try to utilize the spectrum resource when it is unoccupied by the authorized primary users (PUs). At the same time, blockchain principle has been introduced to efficiently identify the legitimate SUs and allocate the spectrum resource as per the demand specified by the SUs. In this view, this article presents a new machine learning (ML) with blockchain‐based spectrum management technique in CRN. The proposed model undergoes three processes, namely spectrum sensing, blockchain‐based spectrum access, and malicious user (MU) identification. Initially, ML‐based extreme learning machine (ELM) technique is applied for spectrum sensing. Then, the presented blockchain approach provides secured spectrum allocation for SUs. Finally, the MUs are identified and to be blocked from accessing the available spectrum resource. An extensive simulation analysis is carried out to ensure the goodness of the proposed model. The obtained results indicated that the proposed model has offered better performance compared with other methods. The experimental outcome stated that under the presence of −20 dB SNR, the proposed method has attained a maximum detection rate of 0.68, whereas the KNN and OR rule methods have demonstrated a minimum detection rate of 0.58 and 0.5, respectively.

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