Robust SnO2−x Nanoparticle‐Impregnated Carbon Nanofibers with Outstanding Electrochemical Performance for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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Abstract
The sluggish sodium reaction kinetics, unstable Sn/Na2O interface, and large volume expansion are major obstacles that impede practical applications of SnO2‐based electrodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we report the crafting of homogeneously confined oxygen‐vacancy‐containing SnO2−x nanoparticles with well‐defined void space in porous carbon nanofibers (denoted SnO2−x/C composites) that address the issues noted above for advanced SIBs. Notably, SnO2−x/C composites can be readily exploited as the working electrode, without need for binders and conductive additives. In contrast to past work, SnO2−x/C composites‐based SIBs show remarkable electrochemical performance, offering high reversible capacity, ultralong cyclic stability, and excellent rate capability. A discharge capacity of 565 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 is retained after 2000 cycles.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (51774203)

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