Tunable Red-Green Upconversion Luminescence in Novel Transparent Glass Ceramics Containing Er: NaYF4 Nanocrystals

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Abstract
To develop NaYF4 as bulk luminescence material, transparent glass ceramics containing Er3+: NaYF4 nanocrystals were fabricated for the first time, and the influences of heat-treatment temperature and Er3+ doping level on their upconversion luminescence were investigated. With increasing heating temperature, the upconversion intensity enhanced accordingly, attributing to the incorporation of more Er3+ into the grown NaYF4. Notably, when the heating temperature reached 650 °C, the upconversion intensity augmented drastically due to the occurrence of phase transition from the cubic NaYF4 to the hexagonal one. Interestingly, for the samples heat-treated at 620 °C, when the Er3+ doping level was increased from 0.05 to 2.0 mol %, the upconversion emission was whole-range tunable from monochromatic green to approximately monochromatic red, which could be mainly attributed to the cross-relaxation between Er3+ ions. The excellent optical properties and its convenient, low-cost synthesis of the present glass ceramic imply that it is an excellent substitution material for the unobtainable bulk NaYF4 crystal, potentially applicable in many fields.

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