Convergence of Wnt and Notch signaling controls ovarian cancer cell survival

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Abstract
In the last 40 years ovarian cancer mortality rates have slightly declined and, consequently, it continues to be the fifth cause of cancer death in women. In the present study, we showed that β‐catenin signaling is involved in the functions of ovarian cancer cells and interacts with the Notch system. Wnt and Notch systems showed to be prosurvival for ovarian cancer cells and their inhibition impaired cell proliferation and migration. We also demonstrated that the inhibition of β‐catenin by means of two molecules, XAV939 and ICG‐001, decreased the proliferation of the IGROV1 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines and that ICG‐001 increased the percentage of IGROV1 cells undergoing apoptosis. The simultaneous inhibition of β‐catenin and Notch signaling, by using the DAPT inhibitor, decreased ovarian cancer cell proliferation to the same extent as targeting only the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. A similar effect was observed in IGROV1 cell migration with ICG‐001 and DAPT. ICG‐001 increased the Notch target genes Hes‐1 and Hey‐1 and increased Jagged1 expression. However, no changes were observed in Dll4 or Notch 1 and 4 expressions. Our results suggest that Notch and β‐catenin signaling co‐operate in ovarian cancer to ensure the proliferation and migration of cells and that this could be achieved, at least partly, by the upregulation of Notch Jagged1 ligand in the absence of Wnt signaling. We showed that the Wnt pathway crosstalks with Notch in ovarian cancer cell functions, which may have implications in ovarian cancer therapeutics.

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