Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level Does Not Affect the Aggressiveness and Prognosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer

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Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been known to be associated with the aggressiveness and prognosis of several cancers. In this study, we evaluated the effect of preoperative serum vitamin D level on the aggressiveness and prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer. Methods: In total, 820 patients with papillary thyroid cancer were enrolled. Vitamin D levels were measured in blood samples before surgery. Clinical, pathologic, and recurrence data were accessed to examine the prognostic effects of vitamin D. Patients were categorized into four quartiles by preoperative serum vitamin D levels. Results: Of the enrolled patients, 795 (97%) had insufficient vitamin D levels (< 30 ng/mL). Vitamin D levels showed positive correlations with age and body mass index (BMI) and negative correlations with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody titers. The association between vitamin D quartile and the risks of extrathyroidal invasion, lymph node metastasis, advanced cancer stages (III or IV) and risk of recurrence were not significant after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, preoperative ionized calcium and PTH. Additionally, serum vitamin D was not associated with recurrent or persistent papillary thyroid cancer. Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels are not associated with either disease aggressiveness or poor outcomes among patients with papillary thyroid cancer and vitamin D insufficiency.

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