Age-specific risk factor profiles of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus: A pooled analysis from the international BEACON consortium

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Abstract
Esophageal (EA) and esophagogastric junction (EGJA) adenocarcinoma have been steadily increasing in frequency in younger people; however, the etiology of these cancers is poorly understood. We therefore investigated associations of body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, gastroesophageal reflux and use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in relation to age‐specific risks of EA and EGJA. We pooled individual participant data from eight population‐based, case–control studies within the international Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON). The analysis included 1,363 EA patients, 1,472 EGJA patients and 5,728 control participants. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for age‐specific (peffect modification = 0.01) and BMI (ORBMI ≥ 30 vs. = 4.19, 95% CI: 2.23, 7.87; peffect modification = 0.04), relative to older age groups. In contrast, inverse associations of NSAID use were strongest in the oldest age group (≥70 years), although this apparent difference was not statistically significant. Age‐specific associations with EGJA showed similar, but slightly weaker patterns and no statistically significant differences by age were observed. Our study provides evidence that associations between obesity and gastroesophageal reflux are stronger among earlier onset EA cancers.
Funding Information
  • Public Health Service (U01-CA57983, U01-CA57949 and U01-CA57923)
  • National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (N02-CP40501 and N01-CN05230)
  • Intramural Program of the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health

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