Effects of Off‐Axis Loading on the Tensile Behavior of a Ceramic‐Matrix Composite

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Abstract
A 0°/90° ceramic‐matrix composite (CMC) comprised of Nicalon fibers in magnesium aluminosilicate (MAS) has been loaded in tension in three orientations relative to the fiber direction: 0°, 30°, and 45°. The off‐axis loaded samples exhibit inelastic deformation at appreciably lower stresses than samples loaded at 0°. Matrix cracking governs the inelastic strains in all orientations. But, important differences in the morphologies and sequencing of the cracks account for the differences in the stress levels. Off‐axis failure also occurs at substantially lower stresses than on‐axis failure. On‐axis composite failure is governed by fiber fracture, but off‐axis failure involves matrix‐crack coalescence. To facilitate interpretation and modeling of these behaviors, the interface friction and debond stresses have been determined from hysteresis measurements.

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