The soil-plant transfer of risk elements within the area of an abandoned gold mine in Libčice, Czech Republic

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Abstract
Abandoned gold mines are often suggested as potential sources of environmental pollution. Thus, the soils within the area of a gold mine in Libčice, Czech Republic, were monitored. Elevated element contents were found of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn. The risk assessment codes (RACs) indicated high environmental risk from soil Cd, and moderate risk from Zn, whereas the risk of As, Cu, and Pb was low. It was supported by the analysis of 134 samples of aboveground biomass of plants, where the levels of As and Pb were below the detection limit. For Cd, the plant uptake reflected the high mobility of this element, where the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) varied in range 0.032 (Fragaria vesca) and 1.97 (Circia arvensis). For 11% of samples the BAF values for Cd exceeded 1. For Hg, although the maximum BAF did not exceed 0.37 (Lotus corniculatus), the Hg contents in plants occasionally exceeded the threshold limits for Hg contents in raw feedstuffs. The investigated gold mine does not represent a direct environmental risk, but the fate of Cd and Hg in the soils and plants suggests the necessity of a deeper understanding of the penetration of these elements into the surrounding environment.

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