Electro-Fenton and Photoelectro-Fenton Degradation of Sulfanilic Acid Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Anode and an Air Diffusion Cathode

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Abstract
The mineralization of sulfanilic acid has been studied by electro-Fenton (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) reaction with UVA light using an undivided electrochemical cell with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and an air diffusion cathode able to generate H2O2. Organics were then oxidized by hydroxyl radicals formed at the anode surface from water oxidation and in the bulk from Fenton’s reaction between generated H2O2 and added Fe2+. The UVA irradiation in PEF enhanced the production of hydroxyl radicals in the bulk, accelerating the removal of organics and photodecomposed intermediates like Fe(III)–carboxylate complexes. Partial decontamination of 1.39 mM sulfanilic acid solutions was achieved by EF until 100 mA cm–2 at optimum conditions of 0.4 mM Fe2+ and pH 3.0. The increase in current density and substrate content led to an almost total mineralization. In contrast, the PEF process was more powerful, yielding almost complete mineralization in less electrolysis time under comparable conditions. The kinetics for sulfanilic acid decay always followed a pseudo-first-order reaction. Hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone were detected as aromatic intermediates, whereas acetic, maleic, formic, oxalic, and oxamic acids were identified as generated carboxylic acids. NH4+ ion was preferentially released in both treatments, along with NO3– ion in smaller proportion.

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