Large-Scale Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous ZnO Hollow Tubule for Fast Response to ppb-Level H2S Gas

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Abstract
Response and recovery time to toxic and inflammable hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas is an important index for metal oxide sensors in real-time environmental monitoring. However, large-scale production of ZnO-based sensing materials towards fast response to ppb-level H2S has been rarely reported. In this work, hierarchically porous hexagonal ZnO hollow tubule was simply fabricated by zinc salt impregnation and subsequently calcination using absorbent cotton as template. The influence of the calcination temperature on the corresponding morphology and sensing properties is also explored. The hollow tubules calcined at 600 ℃ are constructed from abundant cross-linked nanoparticles (~20 nm). Its BET surface area is 31 m2·g-1 and the meso- and macro-porous sizes are centered at 35 and 115 nm. The sensor with a lower detection limit of 10 ppb exhibits fast response speed of 29 s towards 50 ppb H2S rather than those of the reported intrinsic and doped ZnO-based sensing materials. Furthermore, the sensor shows a wide linear range (10-1000 ppb), good reproducibility and stability. Such excellent trace ppb-level H2S performances are mainly related to the inherent characteristics of hierarchically porous hollow tubular structure and the surface adsorbed oxygen controlled type mechanism.
Funding Information
  • Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2016YFE0115100)
  • Heilongjiang Province (UNPYSCT-2016074)
  • Harbin Science and Technology Bureau (2016RAQXJ005)
  • Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Heilongjiang University

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