Assessment of Diabetes Mellitus Retrieving Potential of Low Caloric Jamun (Syzygium cumini) Drink Through Animal Modeling

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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, impacts millions worldwide. Although Syzygium cumini L. (Jamun) has been traditionally utilized for its antidiabetic properties, its efficacy remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the hypoglycemic potential of a low‐calorie Jamun drink in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. Twenty rats were allocated into four groups: G0 (normal feed; negative control), G1 (normal feed + STZ at 60 mg/kg BW, administered intraperitoneally; positive control), G2 (normal feed + STZ + Jamun sugar drink, 2 mL/day), and G3 (normal feed + STZ + Jamun stevia drink, 2 mL/day). Body weight and blood glucose levels were monitored every 15 days over a 45‐day period, while renal and pancreatic tissues were microscopically examined for potential adverse effects. Significant weight gain was observed in G0 (120.2 ± 25.37 g to 135.0 ± 17.16 g) and G3 (120.8 ± 18.15 g to 132.6 ± 26.28 g). Notably, blood glucose levels in G2 and G3 decreased significantly, with final Mean ± SD values of 211.8 ± 8.11 mg/dL and 183.6 ± 8.53 mg/dL, respectively. Histological analysis showed no adverse effects on renal or pancreatic tissues in the treatment groups, while the diseased group exhibited marked irregularities and necrosis in both organs. In conclusion, the low‐calorie Jamun drink demonstrated significant potential in reducing blood glucose levels without causing adverse organ effects, suggesting its promise as a functional dietary intervention for diabetes management.

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