Spatio-temporal variability of fish assemblages in the Gambia Estuary (West Africa) observed by two vertical hydroacoustic methods: Moored and mobile sampling
- 1 January 2004
- journal article
- research article
- Published by EDP Sciences in Aquatic Living Resources
- Vol. 17 (1) , 47-55
Abstract
The Gambia Estuary is one of the last estuaries in West Africa not to have been affected by strong environmental changes and adverse human disturbances. In order to describe the spatio-temporal change in fish biomass in this estuary, and the seasonal changes in fish size classes, five research surveys have been conducted at characteristic periods in the river's water regime and meteorological seasons. The fish assemblages were sampled by two vertical echosounding protocols: mobile surveys (zigzag transects) in the estuary and moored stations. The two sampling methods produced a similar image of the fish assemblages in terms of the distribution of total biomass and target strength distributions. Large fish aggregations were detected in the most marine area at the end of the wet season, and fish biomass increased through the dry season in the upstream zone. Fish were smaller at the beginning of the wet season and they were always larger in downstream areas. L'estuaire de la Gambie est l'un des derniers estuaires d'Afrique de l'Ouest à ne pas avoir subi de perturbations environnementales et anthropiques fortes. Afin de décrire la variabilité spatio-temporelle des biomasses de poissons dans cet estuaire et l'évolution saisonnière des classes de taille, cinq campagnes de recherche ont été menées à des saisons hydrologiques et météorologiques caractéristiques. Les peuplements de poissons ont été échantillonnés par des méthodes hydroacoustiques en utilisant deux types de protocoles différents en émission verticale : en parcours mobiles (transects en zigzag) dans le fleuve et en stations ancrées. Les deux méthodes d'échantillonnage ont fourni une image similaire des peuplements de poissons en terme de biomasse et de distribution d'indices de réflexion. De fortes agrégations ont été détectées dans la zone la plus marine durant la saison humide, et la biomasse de poissons a augmenté pendant la saison sèche dans la zone la plus amont. Les poissons étaient plus petits au début de la saison humide et toujours plus gros dans les zones en aval.Keywords
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