Problem-oriented sport science: historical roots, philosophical foundations, contemporary tensions, and practical consequences

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Abstract
Traditionally, sport science has been framed around two modes of research: basic research, aimed at fundamental understanding, and applied research, focused on consideration of use. Drawing on current debates in the philosophy of science, we identify and articulate problem-oriented sport science as a complementary research mode that seeks to advance both fundamental understanding and consideration of use—in pursuit of a better sport. We examine three contemporary tensions: interdisciplinarity versus disciplinarity; enlightened integration versus superficial aggregation; and value-freeness versus value-ladeness. Finally, we outline four practical consequences of problem-oriented thinking for research practice, higher education, university policy, and the identity of the academic field.