Discovery of (3-Phenylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)phosphonates as Imidazoline I2 Receptor Ligands with Anti-Alzheimer and Analgesic Properties

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Abstract
Imidazoline I 2 receptors (I2-IRs) are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and are associated with analgesia. I2-IRs are not structurally described, and their pharmacological characterization relies on their modulation by highly affine ligands. Herein, we describe the synthesis of (3-phenylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)phosphonates endowed with relevant affinities for I2-IRs in human brain tissues. The optimal ADME and pharmacokinetic profile of a selected compound, 12d, secured its in vivo exploration in a senescence accelerated prone 8 mice revealing improvement in the cognitive impairment and unveiling the mechanism of action by analyzing specific AD biomarkers. The treatment of a capsaicin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity murine model with 12d revealed analgesic properties devoid of motor coordination issues. The target engagement of 12d was demonstrated by suppression of the analgesic effect by pretreatment with idazoxan. Overall, 12d is a putative candidate for advancing preclinical phases and supports the modulation of I2-IRs as an innovative approach for therapeutics.
Funding Information
  • European Commission (PRTRC17.11)
  • Junta de Andaluc??a (CTS-109)
  • Ministerio de Econom??a y Competitividad (FJC2022-048338-I)
  • European Commission
  • Generalitat de Catalunya (2021 SGR 00357)
  • Universidad de Granada (UCE-PP2017-05)
  • Eusko Jaurlaritza (IT-1512-22)
  • Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2022/20)
  • Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnolo?kog Razvoja (451-03-65/2024-03/200161, 451-03-66/2024-03/200161)
  • Universitat de les Illes Balears
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci??n y Universidades (PDC2022-133441-I00, PID2021-138079OB-I00, PID2022-1380790B-I00, PRE2022-105091)

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