With the increase in the number of undergraduate vocational colleges and universities, China’s education structure is undergoing profound changes. The establishment of an effective and smooth bridge for vocational education can help focus on the national development plan and major strategies. In this way, high-level, applied and technical talents can be cultivated, and more ‘national craftsmen’ can be forged. Vocational education at undergraduate level shoulders the important task of cultivating high-level technical and skilled talents adapted to the needs of new quality productivity. The article explores the connotation, characteristics, and talent cultivation requirements of the new quality productivity, and analyses the problems of non-adaptation and mismatch with the current vocational undergraduate economic and management professional talent cultivation. The article also puts forward optimization strategies and implementation paths in terms of talent cultivation positioning, curriculum system construction, faculty construction, and industry-teaching integration. This article provides powerful talent support for the development of new quality productivity.