Structural characterization of oligomers from the polycondensation of citric acid with ethylene glycol and long‐chain aliphatic alcohols

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Abstract
The structural characterization of polyesters of citric acid (CA) with ethylene glycol and long‐chain aliphatic alcohols (ROH), prepared by the composition of the reaction mixture being adjusted slightly away from stoichiometric equivalence, was performed with 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The aliphatic alcohols employed were 1‐decanol, 1‐dodecanol, and 1‐octadecanol. The 13C‐NMR carbonyl region presented four groups of signals, two corresponding to the ester groups and two corresponding to the acid groups. However, symmetric and asymmetric groups of CA moieties were identified in the 13C‐NMR spectra. The ester yield from ROH decreased as the number of carbon atoms in the alcohols increased. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 302–306, 2003