Dynamic change characteristics of wetlands in Hefei and their driving factors along the urban–rural gradient

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Abstract
Context Wetlands persistently diminish due to their own vulnerability, along with the combined impact of changes in the ecological surroundings and interference from anthropogenic interventions. Comprehending the driving mechanisms of wetland changes is crucial for wetland conservation. Objectives This research seeks to analyze the dynamic change characteristics of wetlands in Hefei. The objective is to establish a framework for urban-rural gradient analysis, exploring the impact of ecological surroundings and anthropogenic interventions factors, as well as their interactions, on wetland dynamics across different urban-rural gradient regions. Methods In this research, an urban-rural gradient was defined utilizing a clustering indicator derived from the composition and configuration of land use. The optimal parameters-based geographical detector (OPGD) performed a quantitative statistical analysis of the driving forces behind wetland changes under different urban–rural gradients. Results The results indicate that: (1) From 1990 to 2020, wetland area exhibited an ongoing diminishing tendency. (2) The urban–rural gradient can be classified into four categories: urban, agricultural village, semi-ecological village, and ecological village. (3) The driving factors of wetland changes vary across different types of urban–rural gradient regions. The most significant factors influencing wetland changes in each type of gradient region during different periods are the cropland proportion, impervious surface, OC, silt, and GDP. (4) Interactions among driving factors generally exhibit stronger explanatory power. Conclusions The research results reveal the driving mechanisms that underlie wetland dynamics in different urban–rural gradient regions. This information supports the development of more targeted wetland restoration and protection plans, contributing to improved synergy between urban and rural development and ecological conservation efforts.

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