Mushroom Product Labeling in North America: The Good, The Bad, and The Complicated

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Abstract
To better understand the taxonomic identity and diversity of commercially available mushrooms in North America, specimens were solicited from commercial businesses such as grocery stores, markets, apothecaries, and online retailers. Two hundred and thirty-eight specimens were submitted by sixteen contributors. The majority of specimens were dried food products (179, ~66%) but canned/pickled (29) or fresh food (30) products and dried medicinal products (22) were also submitted. About 32% of the specimens were successfully barcoded, consisting of either dried or fresh food products. Almost no medicinal products or canned/pickled items yielded successful results, but modifications that may increase success rates are presented. Gross misidentifications and discrepancies between the information on regulatory labeling and food contents were found based on ITS barcode identification. Brief recommendations for ingredient labeling are provided.