Immediate Early Genes Egr-1, Hr38 and Kakusei Function Throughout the Entire Foraging Period: A Study on Honeybees

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Abstract
Honeybee foraging is a well-organized behavior that has been studied in detail. During foraging, foraging bees search for food, interact, communicate, and collect food for the colony. Learning, remembering, and locating food source at far distance from the hive and able to communicate with each other and complete the task of food collection would not be simple for these small insects. This mysterious highly intelligent behavior of bees has attracted several scientists and interpretation of honeybee dance language was Nobel prize winning research a thing to be always remembered. To understand further the underlying mechanism is a subsequent excitement. Recent studies have taken great importance on understanding the molecular and cellular modulators of honeybee foraging. Some studies have revealed that immediate early genes (IEGs) can be used as neural markers for understanding honeybee brain functions and its behaviors. Our recent studies have shown that three IEGs Egr-1, Hr38 and Kakusei have potential roles in honeybee foraging and learning and memory (Singh et al., 2018; Singh & Takhellambam, 2021; Singh et al., 2020). This piece of work is an extension of the earlier study and investigate whether gene expression continue to increase for longer time during the food reward foraging. We found that the gene expression level continued to remain upregulated throughout the entire time 3 hours foraging duration revealing the role of Egr-1, Hr38, Kakusei during the entire time of foraging.

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